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The
Arizona Diabetes Program (formerly called Diabetes Prevention and Control
Program) was established in 1994
by a five-year cooperative agreement with the national Centers for Disease
Control & Prevention. The program is under the auspices of the Division of
Public Health Services, Community and Family Health Services, Office of
Nutrition and Chronic Disease Prevention
The purpose of the program is to:
- Assist with the prevention of diabetes.
- Develop the state’s capacity to reduce the incidence and severity
secondary and tertiary complications related to diabetes.
- Coordinate educational & training opportunities that involve state
leadership, health professionals, community health workers and communities.
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- Promote coordinated approaches to the provision of diabetes care and
services throughout the state.
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Prevention
The results of the Diabetes Prevention Program study were
announced in August, 2002. This is the first major clinical trial of Americans
at high risk for type 2 diabetes to show that lifestyle changes in diet and
exercise and losing a little weight can prevent or delay the disease. The
lifestyle intervention was affective for participants of all ages and all ethnic
groups. (CDC Statement released on the Diabetes Prevention Program-August,
2002.)
What
is diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by
high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion,
insulin action, or both. There are four types of diabetes:
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Type 1 diabetes was previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes. Type 1 diabetes may account for 5% to 10% of
all diagnosed cases of diabetes, and usually appears in childhood or
adolescence, hence the more familiar term "juvenile diabetes". The
risk factors are less defined for type 1 diabetes than for type 2 diabetes, but
autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors are involved in the development
of this type of diabetes.
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Prediabetes is a diagnosis
for people with blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet
in the diabetic range have “pre-diabetes.” Doctors sometimes call this
condition impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),
depending on the test used to diagnose it. Pre-diabetes is becoming more
common in the United States, according to new estimates provided by the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. About 40 percent of U.S. adults ages
40 to 74—or 41 million people—had pre-diabetes in 2000. New data suggest that
at least 54 million U.S. adults had pre-diabetes in 2002.
If you have pre-diabetes, you have a higher risk of developing type 2
diabetes, formerly called adult-onset diabetes or noninsulin-dependent
diabetes. Studies have shown that most people with pre-diabetes go on to
develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, unless they lose 5 to 7 percent of
their body weight—which is about 10 to 15 pounds for someone who weighs 200
pounds—by making modest changes in their diet and level of physical activity.
People with pre-diabetes also have a higher risk of heart disease.
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Type 2 diabetes was previously called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes. Type 2 diabetes may account for about 90% to
95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes, and usually doesn't develop until after
age 40. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, obesity, family
history of diabetes, prior history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose
tolerance, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity. African Americans,
Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and some Asian Americans and
Pacific Islanders are at particularly high risk for type 2 diabetes. Rates of
non-insulin dependent diabetes are 60 percent higher in Blacks than in Whites.
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Gestational diabetes develops in 2% to 5% of all pregnancies but disappears
when a pregnancy is over. Gestational diabetes occurs more frequently in African
Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, and persons with a
family history of diabetes. Obesity is also associated with higher risk. Women
who have had gestational diabetes are at increased risk for developing type 2
diabetes late in life. In some studies, nearly 40% of women with a history of
gestational diabetes developed diabetes in the future.
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Other
specific types of diabetes result from specific genetic syndromes, surgery,
drugs, malnutrition, infections, and other illnesses. These types of diabetes
may account for 1% to 2% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
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